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俗語有云「生不入官門」,但如果真的被警察拘捕了,警察要依照甚麼程序辦事,被捕的人又有甚麼權利和義務呢?這一節「長者法網智多聲」,就跟大家簡單的介紹一下。

大家可能知道,警察有權截停形跡可疑的人,檢查他們的身份證和問話,甚至是搜身,也知道外出時不攜帶身份證是犯法的,但大家又知不知道,警察向您發問,您可以選擇不回答的呢?因為法例訂明,所有人都有權不會被迫作出對自己不利的證供、或被迫認罪,這就是大家不時聽到的「緘默權」了。另外,如果警察要搜身,都只可以搜相同性別的人,即是說,「阿sir」只可以向男性搜身,女性就由「madam」搜身。

如果警察要拘捕一個人,也有一定程序的。首先,他要告訴這個人因甚麼事被捕。第二,警察必須要講出警誡詞,讓被捕的人知道自己有權保持緘默。警誡詞就是大家看電視時,經常聽到的這句對白了:「唔係事必要您講,除非您想講,但您所講的一切都會記錄下來,並可能成為呈堂證供。」第三,警察必須帶被捕的人到最就近的警署。這些都是被捕人士的權利。

到達警署之後,被捕的人應該可以在會面室的當眼位置,看到「羈留人士通知書」,上面列明被扣留人士的權利。根據通知書,被捕的人有權提出某些要求,例如要求警察讓他們通知親屬或朋友自己被扣留、索取律師名單、申請保釋、要求有食水和足夠食物或茶點,甚至是醫療協助等。如果情況許可,被捕的人還可以要求跟法律顧問私下溝通、以及與警方會面時,要有律師或大律師在場等。

那麼錄取口供時,又是否可以不回答問題呢?答案是可以的。跟查問一樣,警方在錄取口供之前,都要講警誡詞,讓被扣留的人知道自己有緘默權。至於回答了的,就會一字一句寫下來,成為會面紀錄或問話紀錄,即一般人所講的警誡供詞。

至於經常聽到的扣留48小時,又是甚麼來的?是這樣的,警察拘捕一個人之後,應該盡快將他帶到裁判法院提堂,一般來說是在48個小時之內。除非罪行嚴重或有其他充分理由,否則警方應該讓疑犯保釋。如果警方想延長扣留時間,就要向法院申請,被拘留的人也有權反對和申請保釋。

一般來說,如果警察是依法行動,市民應該合作,否則就可能是阻差辦公,是犯法的。但如果您覺得警察的行為不恰當,可以向投訴警察課投訴,詳情可以參考長者社區法網文字版。這一節就說到這裡,多謝大家收聽

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Stopping and questioning by the police in a public place

Arresting procedure, my rights and obligations

Under Section 54(1) of the Police Force Ordinance (Chapter 232), it is lawful for a police officer to stop a person who is acting in a suspicious manner. The police officer may require that person to produce proof of identity (i.e. by showing a Hong Kong ID card or passport), and detain that person on the spot for a reasonable period to make enquiries into whether or not the person is suspected of having committed any offence at any time. What constitutes a “suspicious manner” is based only on the subjective assessment of the police officer. However, the police officer must, in fact, have a genuine suspicion.

Section 49 of the Public Order Ordinance (Chapter 245) permits a police officer to require any person to produce proof of his identity for inspection for the purpose of preventing, detecting or investigating any offence. A failure by that person to produce proof of identity under these circumstances constitutes an offence.

The police and immigration officers also have power under Section 17C(2) of the Immigration Ordinance (Chapter 115) to demand any resident in Hong Kong aged 15 or above to produce proof of his identity for inspection. A failure by that person to produce proof of identity as required without reasonable excuse constitutes an offence and is liable to a fine of $5,000.